解決方案的故事：字幕

【追求「更多」的遊戲】

Do you have one of these?
你有這個嗎？
Of course not. This thing is five years old Now everyone’s got one of these
當然沒有，這都五年前的舊貨了。現在人手一隻這個（註1）
Can you imagine how much genius and focus it took to turn a music player into a handheld computer/phone/GPS/remote control for everything in life in just five years?
很難想像要多少創意和心力，才能讓隨身聽進化成手機，具有電腦、gps、遙控等各種功能，生活一切都靠他，而且才花了短短五年。
Seriously. The thousands of people who made this thing had to solve thousands of problems that literally could NOT have been solved five years ago.
沒錯，這項科技背後，無數研發人員必須解決各種難題。而這些難題在五年前幾乎不可能解決。
That's what people can do when they're motivated to find solutions to problems.
只要有動力去做，人就是可以找出解決問題的方法。
But the problems we've been busy solving are not the problems that most need solving.
但是我們費盡心力解決的問題，並不是真正需要解決的問題
So much focuses has gone into faster, cheaper, newer, that we've actually lost ground on things like safer, healthier and more fair.
我們投注太多心力追求更快、更新、更便宜，卻忽略了要更安全、更健康、更公平（註2）。
It’s as if we’re getting better and better at playing the wrong game.
這就是玩遊戲時努力晉級，卻沒想過遊戲本身有問題。
And in many ways, this system is a lot like a game, but with very high stakes.
現在的經濟系統很像一場遊戲，只是風險很高。
Just like a game, our economy was designed by people to get everyone to play by certain rules. And like a game, it comes with instructions telling us what the goal is.
就像玩遊戲，現在的經濟系統是由某些人設計特定遊戲原則，讓每個人都得一起玩。也像遊戲一樣，經濟系統的規則決定了大家的目標是什麼。
Think about the last time you played a new game.
回想一下你最近玩過的新遊戲吧。
Remember? The first thing you did was find out what it means to win and that guides every decision you make along the way.
記得嗎？你做的第一件事，一定是搞清楚什麼叫做贏，這會引導你在遊戲當中所有的決定。
So, naturally, the solutions most people are working on pursue this game’s simple goal — and that goal is more.
正因為這樣，大部分人想出來的解決方案，都在追求這場經濟遊戲的單一目標，那個目標就是更多。
More money being spent, more roads being built, more malls being opened, more stuff!
花更多錢、蓋更多路、開更多購物商場，買更多東西。
That’s what economists call growth
這就是經濟學家說的「成長」（註3）。
So we take all the money spent on stuff that makes life better and all the money spent on stuff that makes life worse and we add it together into one big number, called GDP.
我們把提高生活品質所花的金額，還有導致生活惡化所花的金額，相加得到的總和稱為GDP。（註7）
We’re told that a bigger GDP means we’re winning! So it’s the number that thousands of rules and laws are designed to increase.
他們說GDP越高的人就是贏家（註8），因此許多規則和法條都設計成有助於提高GDP
But there’s a big difference between more kids in school and more kids in jail. More windmills or more coal fired power plants. More super-efficient public trains or more gas wasted in traffic jams. Duh. But in this game of more, they are counted the same.
但是不能混為一談的是，到底是有更多小孩受教育，還是有更多小孩進監獄？（註4）有更多風力發電機，還是更多燃煤發電廠？更多高效率的大眾運輸，還是更多浪費汽油的大塞車？（註5）差很大耶！但在這個追求更多的遊戲裡，好壞都算成一樣。（註6）
Now we can’t just change a game this dumb one rule, or one player, at a time. The problem is the goal itself! We need solutions that change that.
要改變遊戲，不能靠著逐一淘汰規則或玩家，問題出在遊戲的目標。我們需要能夠改變遊戲目標的解決方案。

【追求「更好」的遊戲】

What if we built this game around the goal of better: better education, better health, better stuff, a better chance to survive on this planet.
如果我們把遊戲目標重新設定為「更好」呢？（註9）更好的教育、更好的健康狀況、更好的物品、更好的生存條件。（註10）
That’s what we all want, right? So shouldn’t that be what winning means? 這是我們都想要的，對吧？那「贏」的意思不就該是如此嗎？
Changing the goal of the entire economy is a huge task. Of course we can’t do that all at once. But when we focus on game-changing solutions, we gradually make it possible for a new game to be played.
要改變整個經濟體系的目標，這可是大工程，我們當然沒辦法一次完成，但只要我們致力於能改變遊戲的解決方案，就能慢慢形塑一場新的遊戲。
To do that we have to be able to tell the difference between a game-changing solution or just a new way to play that old game of more.
動手之前，我們得先分辨什麼是能夠改變遊戲的解決方案。或者只是換湯不換藥，還在玩「更多」的老遊戲。（註11）

【分辨新舊遊戲】

For example, let’s look at two solutions to one of the many problems we face today — the scourge of plastic packaging that everyone knows is a disaster for the planet, especially the oceans.
舉例來說，我們來看兩個解決塑膠問題的不同方法。大家都知道塑膠包裝把地球污染得多慘，尤其是海洋最受影響。（註12）
And here are two groups of people with very different ideas for solutions to the plastics problem.
有兩個群體各自發起不同的解決方案以因應塑膠問題。
These guys decide enough is enough and they start by launching a citizen campaign to “ban the plastic bag” in their community.
這邊認為塑膠製品實在太氾濫了，因此發起公民運動要求「禁用塑膠袋」。（註13）
These guys have a different solution. They start a business that gives people gift cards to buy stuff if they recycle their plastic waste.
這邊的作法則不同，他們發起一個活動，發購物卡給回收塑膠垃圾的人。（註14）
Both of these are happening right now, but only one of them changes the game.
這兩種方法都有人用，但只有一種能改變遊戲。
The gift cards solution does keep some plastic out of landfills and incinerators.
購物卡的確讓部分塑膠免於遭到掩埋或焚化（註15）
But it creates more plastic by encouraging people to buy more stuff. Even worse,it teaches that MORE consumption is the right reward for being a good citizen, making it even harder to think outside that old game box.
卻因為鼓勵大家買更多東西，反而製造了更多塑膠垃圾，更糟的是，購物卡意味著盡公民義務的獎賞就是可以消費更多，讓大家越來越難跳脫舊遊戲的思維。
The ban the bag solution is harder to achieve, but it’s a game-changer.
禁用塑膠袋的方案比較難成功，但有助於改變遊戲。
Why? Well by volunteering their time, these citizens are declaring there’s something more important to them than just earning and spending more.
為什麼呢？這些公民既然願意花時間當志工，就表示他們認為有比賺錢和花錢更重要的事。
To win this campaign, these citizens are going to have to team up with forward thinking businesses offering alternatives to throw away plastic packaging.
為了成功，他們必須和有遠見的企業合作，提倡淘汰塑膠包裝的替代方案。（註16）
They’re going to have to build power to fight back against the American Chemistry Council which lobbies for the companies that make all that plastic junk.
他們必須增強實力，才能對抗美國化學協會，該協會可是那些塑膠垃圾製造業者的說客。（註17）
And they’re going to have to get out and talk to their neighbors and friends, inspiring yet more people to begin to question the old game. This is exactly what’s happening in towns and cities – all across the world — and they’re winning!
他們還必須走出去遊說鄰居好友，鼓舞更多人去質疑當前的遊戲（註18），這正是全球各地都出現的公民行動，而且他們正一步步取得勝利。（註19）
But can banning a few million bags transform the goal of the game? By itself, no, but in combination with millions of others working on game changing solutions they care about - Yes! Together, these solutions are beginning to turn the tide.
但是禁用幾百萬個塑膠袋，就能改變遊戲目標嗎？光是這樣的確不夠，但如果加上其他無數有志之士努力打造的治本方案就做得到！滴水穿石，這些解決方案正慢慢扭轉局勢。
As people build power to change the game, their citizen muscles grow. They work to ensure the local solutions they create, get copied and scaled up. And when they see these solutions getting blocked by corporations with way too much influence, they start teaming up with other solutionaries to fight for a real democracy by the people, for the people.
當人們為了改變遊戲而加強實力，他們的公民力量也會變強壯。他們努力讓自創的在地解決方案推廣出去，擴大規模，一旦看到這些方案，受到有權有勢的財團阻擋，各個公民行動者便互相支援，爭取真正的民主：民治、民享。
Gift cards will never do that. But thousands of citizen campaigns can.
購物卡永遠也做不到這個層次，但是無數公民運動可以。

【GOAL口訣】

Whenever I’m asked to join in on a solution I wanna know if it’s transformational — will it change the goal? To figure it out, I use the word goal. I wanna know that it:
當我考慮加入一項解決方案時，我會評估它是否具有改變潛力？這項方案能改變遊戲目標嗎？為了方便評估，我用goal這個字當口訣，我要知道這項方案是否包含
G- Gives people more power — taking power back from corporations to build democracy.
G，給人民更多力量。從企業手中奪回權力以捍衛民主。（註20）
O- Opens people’s eyes to the truth that, once basic needs are met, happiness and well-being don’t come from buying more stuff but from our communities, our health and sense of purpose.
O，幫助人民張大眼睛認清真相，只要滿足基本需求，幸福快樂不會來自買更多東西，而是來自人際互動、身體健康和有意義的生活。（註21）
A- Accounts for ALL the costs it creates including the toll it takes on people and the planet. In other words it internalizes costs instead of externalizing them as most businesses do today.
A，將該方案造成的全部成本都納入考量，包括對人或環境的傷害，也就是要能將成本內部化，而不是像現在許多企業一樣，將成本外部化。（註22）
L- Lessens the enormous wealth gap between those who can’t even meet their basic needs and those who consume WAY more than their fair share.
L，縮小當前巨大的貧富差距，現在有些人滿足不了基本需求，有些人的消費卻遠高於公平水準。（註23）
When I see a solution that does all that, or can be redesigned to, I am in! And they're popping up everywhere.
如果一項解決方案有能力或潛力，做到上述四點，我就加入。這種方案其實到處都是。
Like the Evergreen Cooperatives in Cleveland, where worker-owners are running green businesses — a laundry, a solar company and a super productive urban farm — that are healthy and safe.
好比美國克里夫蘭州的常青合作社（註24），以員工即老闆的形式經營各種綠色企業。像是洗衣店、太陽能公司、還有生產力超高的都市農園，既健康又安全。
They provide secure jobs to people the old game has left behind. We all know we need to get businesses out of our democracy -but cooperatives go further and bring democracy into business. Sustainable, democratic and equitable — that’s a game-changer
他們提供穩定的工作給舊遊戲裡的輸家（註25），我們都知道要避免企業插手民主政治，但這些合作社更為進步，他們讓企業變民主。永續、民主又公平，這就是改變遊戲的方案。
Or in Capannori, a town in Italy, where local citizens - working with businesses and government - are not just seeking to manage waste better but are questioning the inevitability of waste. They are promoting solutions to waste not with expensive techno fixes but by working together as a community to reclaim compost for the soil, to find reusable substitutes for disposable products and put discarded material to good use.They’ve already reduced some waste streams by 82% while creating jobs and building social fabric.
或是在義大利的卡龐諾里（註26），當地公民和政府、企業合作，他們不是只想著如何管理垃圾會更好，而是去思考如何從源頭減少垃圾（註27）。他們提出的垃圾解決方案，不必依賴昂貴的技術，而是靠著彼此合作，一起回收廚餘做堆肥。思考如何避免拋棄式產品，還有把廢棄物做更好的利用，他們已經減少了82％的垃圾，同時增加了工作機會和社會網絡。

【分享】

And how about the new trend of “collaborative consumption” — formerly knows as sharing?
還有最近興起的「合作消費」（註28），俗稱分享。
Sharing may sound like the theme of a Barney song, but think about it - it’s a huge challenge to the old game. It gets us off the treadmill of more, more, more; conserves resources, gives people access to stuff they otherwise couldn’t afford, and builds community.
分享聽起來好像童話故事，但仔細想想，這正是改變舊遊戲的方法，分享會讓我們停止想要更多、更多、更多，轉而珍惜資源，讓人們取得原本負擔不起的物品，而且促進社群合作
What’s it look like?
有哪些分享方案呢？
Bike share programs in major cities. Online platforms that let us share everything from our cars to homes to camping gear.
像是大城市的公共腳踏車（註29），或是許多網路平台，讓用戶分享各種東西，包括汽車、房子和露營用具。（註30）
In my town, the public library system lends out tools! There’s just no reason every house needs its own power drill, creme brulee torch, scanner, wheelbarrow, bike pump - when we can share.
在我住的地方，市立圖書館有出借工具的服務（註31），根本沒必要每個家庭都買一副，電鑽、噴火槍、掃描器、手推車、打氣筒…只要分享就可以了。
As transformational solutions like these gain traction, we will reach a tipping point -- IF we keep focused on the new goal of better.
只要有助於轉型的方案，越來越受歡迎，我們早晚能達到轉捩點。不過前提是要堅持「更好」這個新目標。
Without a new goal, all the work we’re doing to build a better future will A) not be enough and B) be really hard.
如果沒有設定新目標，我們為了美好未來所做的努力只會 1)不夠 2)很難。（註32）
Too much genius and focus will continue to go to solving problems like iPhone battery life while the problems that threaten human life spin out of control.
而且更多的創意和心力會持續投注在延長iPhone電池壽命之類的問題，讓那些真正攸關人類生存的問題惡化到無從改善。（註33）
Five years ago, when we made the Story of Stuff, we started building a community of people who sensed something was really wrong with this old game. We agreed there was a problem. Now it’s time to build the solutions — solutions that won’t just change a few of the rules, but will change the entire game.
五年前我們製作了《東西的故事》影片，同時凝聚了許多對當前這場遊戲感到質疑的人，我們都同意系統有問題。（註34）現在是時候提出解決方案了。要只是修改幾條規則，而是能真正改變遊戲的解決方案。
Wanna help? Come on, let’s do it!
你也想出力嗎？快來，我們一起採取行動吧！