化妝品的故事：字幕

【化妝品有毒？】

Can I tell you, I love my Pantene Pro V. Of the dozen or so personal care products I use everyday, it’s the one I can’t live without.
我可以告訴你，我愛我的潘婷Pro V，在我每天使用的十幾種個人護理用品中，它是我生活中最不可或缺的。
Says it gives my dull hair “the ultimate cool shine.” How does it do that? I was wondering that, while I was lathering it into my hair one day, so I read the ingredients right here: Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Tetrasodium EDTA, Methyl–iso–thiazo–linone... What is this stuff?
它能讓我黯淡的頭髮變得「無敵柔順閃亮」，它是如何做到的呢？當我有一天把它塗抹在頭髮上時，我突然有這樣的疑問。於是我讀了上面的標示成份：月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯鈉鹽、乙二氨四醋酸四鈉、甲基-異-噻唑-啉酮...這是什麼東西啊？
I took this list to some scientists who know how to read it. Turns out my Pantene contains a chemical linked to cancer.(1) And lots of other products in my bathroom from sunscreen(2) to lipstick(3) and even baby shampoo(4) also contain chemicals linked to cancer or other problems like learning disabilities, asthma and even damaged sperm.(5)
我把這清單拿給了解這些成分的科學家，結果發現我的潘婷含有一種和癌症有關的化學物質(1)。而且我浴室裡其他的產品，從防曬油(2)到口紅(3)，甚至是嬰兒洗髮精(4)也都含有會導致癌症或其他疾病的物質，比如學習障礙、氣喘，甚至是不孕症(5)。
Like most parents, I try to keep my family safe but now I find out my bathroom is a minefield of toxins. What are we supposed to do?
就像大多數父母，我盡量保護我的家人，但現在我卻發現自己的浴室就佈滿了危險的毒物。我們究竟該怎麼辦？
To find out the answers we have to go back to one of the key features of our materials economy: Toxics in, toxics out.
為了找出答案，我們必須再次提及物質經濟的一項重要特質：毒物進，毒物出。
If, at the factory, you pour toxic chemicals into a product – like baby shampoo – you’re going to wind up with… toxic baby shampoo(6) … AND toxics in workers(7) , communities(8), and, duh, babies.(9)
如果在工廠中，你將有毒化學品加進一個產品，如嬰兒洗髮精，結果你就會得到…有毒的嬰兒洗髮精(6)…及有毒的工人(7)、社區(8)，還有，噁，有毒的嬰兒(9)。

【已知與未知】

So let’s take a closer look at this toxic outrage where it seeps into our lives every day -- in the bathroom. The average woman in the U.S. uses about 12 personal care products daily. The average man, about 6.(10) Each product contains a dozen or more chemicals.
讓我們進一步看看這些毒物如何大肆出現在我們日常生活中，尤其是浴室。在美國，女生平均每天約使用12種個人護理用品，男生則約使用6種(10)，每種產品含有十幾種或更多的化學物質。
Less than 20% of all chemicals in cosmetics have been assessed for safety by the industry’s safety panel(11) so we just don’t know what they do to us when we use them. Would you fly on an airline that only inspects 20% of its planes?
用於化妝品的所有化學物質中，只有不到百分之二十有經過化妝品業界的安全審議委員會的安全評估(11)，因此當我們在使用的時候，其實我們並不曉得它們會對我們造成什麼樣的影響。如果一家航空公司只定期檢查1/5的飛機，你敢坐嗎？
Of course, not all of these chemicals are dangerous. But we know that many are. Some are carcinogens – that means they can cause cancer.(12)
當然，這些化學物質並不全是有害的，但已知有許多是。有些是致癌物質，也就是它們可能會導致癌症。(12)
Others are neurotoxins and reproductive toxins; proven to mess up brain development and reproduction in animals.(13) Wait a minute, we’re animals too!
其他像是神經毒素和生殖毒素，都被證實會影響動物的腦部發育和生育功能。(13) 等等，我們也是動物呀！
It’s like a giant experiment. We’re using all these mystery chemicals and just waiting to see what happens.(14)
這聽起來就像是一個大實驗，我們正在使用這些詭異的化學物質，然後等著看之後會發生什麼！(14)
One thing we do know is that they’re getting inside us.
我們只知道一件事實，那就是這些化學物質都在我們體內！！
I had my body’s toxicity levels tested, and I’m loaded with things like mercury, flame retardants, triclosan and lead!(15) We all are.(16) Even babies are being born pre-polluted.(17)
我曾經做過我身體毒物含量的檢測。在我身體裡含有像是汞、阻燃劑、三氯沙和鉛之類的毒物(15)，其實我們每個人的身體都有！(16)甚至是剛出生的嬰兒都已被污染了。(17)
Now I know we can’t live in a lead free world, but do they have to put lead in our lipstick?(18)
我知道我們不可能活在無鉛的環境，但是有必要把鉛放到口紅裡嗎？(18)

【化學迷思】

I don't know. Maybe it's my fault. Maybe I just bought the wrong thing.
不知道耶，或許是我的錯，或許是我買錯了商品。
At the store, the choices seem endless. I can get lipstick in 49 shades or shampoo for hair that’s too dry, oily, fine, limp, or frizzy. But what about the choices that really matter? Like the choice to buy products that are safe?
賣場裡似乎有無限的選擇。我可以找到49種不同顏色的口紅；適用於各種髮質的洗髮精，包括太乾、太油、太細、太蓬或是太捲的。但那些真正重要的選擇呢？例如購買安全產品的選擇？
It turns out the important decisions don’t happen when I choose to take a product off the shelf.
結果是在我從架上選擇產品時，卻無從做真正重要的選擇。
They happen when companies and governments decide what should be put on the shelves.
這些重要的選擇在政府及企業決定什麼東西要放到架上的時候就已被決定了。
So who are these companies? This is Procter & Gamble. They’re the ones offering me “Herbal Essences,” the number two shampoo in the country.
所以是哪些企業在做決定呢？這是寶僑，就是提供我們「草本精華」洗髮精的公司，這種洗髮精排名全美第二。
It contains toxic petrochemicals – made from oil.(19) Since when is oil an herb?
這裡面含有毒性化學物質──從石油中提煉出來(19)。什麼時候石油也屬於天然草本了？
On cosmetics labels, words like “herbal”, “natural”, even “organic” have no legal definition.(20) That means anybody can put anything in a bottle and call it natural. And they do. I mean, can you imagine a top seller called “petro-essences?” Gross.
在化妝品的標籤上，像是「草本」「天然」甚至是「有機」等字眼都沒有合法的定義(20)。這表示任何人都可以在瓶子裡放進任何東西然後說他是天然的。而他們也的確這麼做。我的意思是，你能想像一種最暢銷的產品叫做「石油精華」嗎？好噁心。
What’s even nastier are hair relaxers marketed to 5 year olds, and skin whitening creams. These are super toxic(21) both in their ingredients and in the message they send about what beauty is.
更讓人受不了的是賣給五歲小孩用的直髮膏，還有美白霜，這兩樣產品可說是超毒(21)，除了因為產品的成分，還有業者傳達的對美的定義。
Ooh, here’s Estee Lauder offering me a chance to help find a cure for breast cancer.
噢～這是雅詩蘭黛，他們提供機會讓我可以協助找出治療乳癌的方法。
That’s nice. But wait...they’re also using chemicals linked to cancer.(22) Don’t you think the best way for Estee Lauder to fight cancer is to stop using those chemicals in the first place?(23)
真好。但是等等……他們一樣使用可能導致癌症的化學物質(22)。你不覺得雅詩蘭黛如果要對抗癌症，最好首先就是停止使用這些化學物質？(23)
So really, I get to choose between meaningless claims on a bottle. But these guys get the real choice about what goes into those bottles.
所以實際上，我只能靠著瓶子上毫無意義的聲明去做選擇，但這些傢伙卻能真正選擇要放哪些東西到瓶子裡。
And that happens back here at the factories where they’re formulated.
這件事要回溯到製造產品的工廠裡。
Why do the makers of these products use all these toxics, are they trying to poison us?
為什麼這些製造商在生產這些產品時要使用這些有毒物質？難道他們想要毒害我們嗎？
No, they’re just working from a 1950s mindset when people were totally swept up in “better living through chemistry”.(24)
不，他們的作法只是依循1950年代的思考模式，當時人們全都相信「化學能帶來更好的生活。」(24)
In all that excitement, they forgot to worry about human health impacts.
在這樣的激情下，他們忘了去考慮對人體健康的影響。
That was years ago, and they are still using these same old toxic chemicals. Today big cosmetics companies say the doses of poison in their products are small enough to be harmless.
儘管這是多年前的觀念，他們依然在使用跟過去一樣的毒性化學物質。現今的大化妝品公司聲稱產品中的微量毒性物質不足以對人體產生傷害。
Yeah maybe if you use them once a year!
是呀，如果你一年只用這個產品一次！
I guess they never get out and see that their products are being used and combined with other products every day: a little toxic dose under your arms, a little more on your hair, on your lips.(25) And workers in nail and hair salons get dosed all day long!(26)
我想他們從沒搞清楚，他們的產品每天都被使用，而且還跟其他產品一起使用：一點點毒素塗抹在你的腋下，再多一點點在你的頭髮上，還有嘴唇上(25)。而指甲和美髮沙龍的員工則一整天都會接觸到(26)。
So the industry is used to doing things this way. And they can, because even now that scientists have linked the chemicals they’re using to all sorts of problems, there are no laws to get rid of them.
因此，化妝品產業習慣用這種方法做事。他們也確實可以這麼做，因為即使現在科學家們已證實他們使用的化學物質會造成各種問題，卻沒有法律來禁止它們。
You’re thinking - Really? Come on. Nobody’s making sure that the stuff we smear all over our bodies is safe?
你會說，真的假的？拜託，怎麼可能沒有人去確認我們塗在全身的各種東西是安全的？

【預警原則】

No! The FDA doesn’t even assess the safety of personal care products, or their ingredients.(27)
真的沒有！美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）根本沒有評估個人護理用品或它們成分的安全性(27)。
Since 1938, they’ve banned just 8 out of over 12,000 ingredients used in cosmetics.(28) They don’t even require that all of the ingredients be listed on the label!(29)
1938年以來，用於化妝品的成分超過12,000種，他們只禁止了其中8種(28)。甚至不要求廠商標示所有的成分(29)。
Now this is an example where we can all agree a little more government action would be helpful!
就這個例子而言，我們都同意政府只要多採取一點行動，對於目前情況就會有幫助！
This lack of regulation leaves a huge hole that the cosmetics industry is all too happy to fill.
沒有法律規範造成了巨大的漏洞，而化妝品產業正樂得填補這項漏洞。
They set up their own committee to self-police their products.(30)
他們成立了自己的委員會審查自己的產品。(30)
And compliance with their “recommendations” is voluntary!
而要不要遵守委員會的「建議」，卻是自願性的！
So, the cosmetics industry is making the rules and then deciding whether or not to follow them.
因此，是化妝品產業訂定規則，然後自行決定是否遵守。
So, you see, it isn’t our fault that these toxic products are in our bathrooms. It’s a whole broken system that’s ignoring the simple rule: toxics in, toxics out.
這下你明白了吧！這些有毒產品出現在浴室裡並不是我們的錯。這是一個完全失效的系統，它忽略了最簡單的準則：毒物進，毒物出。
But we’re not helpless. There are resources online that we can use to protect ourselves by identifying the best possible choices in the store.(31)
但是我們並非無法可想，我們可以運用網路上提供的資訊來判斷賣場裡的那些商品最好(31)，以保護自己。
But the real action is with people working to change the system. Because, if we really want to solve this problem, we gotta start here with these guys.
但是真正有效的行動是要靠人們去改變制度，因為我們如果真的想解決這些問題，必須從這些傢伙著手。
Women, parents, workers, people all over the country are demanding that Congress pass a new law giving the FDA the power to make sure that our personal care products are safe.
女性、家長、勞工，全國各地人民正要求國會通過一項新法律賦予 FDA權力，以確保我們的個人護理用品是安全的。
We need common-sense laws based on the precautionary principle.
我們需要依據預警原則制定常識性的法律。
That means that when we’re dealing with hazardous chemicals, just err on the side of caution. Let’s not debate how much lead should be allowed in lipstick... Just get toxic chemicals out of our products.
這意味著，當我們面對有害化學物質時，寧可過於謹慎。不要再去爭辯口紅中可容許多少鉛含量，就直接把有毒化學物質從產品中剔除吧。
Smarter laws would force companies to get past that old 50s mindset and figure out how to get us all clean and shiny without toxic chemicals.(32)
更有智慧的法律將迫使企業淘汰1950年代的陳舊心態，並想出辦法讓大家不必用有毒化學物質就能乾淨又漂亮(32)。
Can they? Totally. Many responsible cosmetics companies are already putting safer products on the market.
他們做得到的嗎？當然可以！許多負責任的化妝品公司已經在市面上推出安全的產品。
Green chemists are developing substances that are designed to be safe and non-toxic in the first place. European governments have required the removal of many toxic chemicals and companies have figured out how to comply.(33)
綠色化學家也在開發設計安全無毒的物質。歐洲各國政府已要求剔除許多有毒化學物質，而公司也已找出符合法規要求的因應之道(33)。
When cosmetics are reformulated to be safe and labeled honestly, then we can feel comfortable with the choices available at the store.
當化妝品變得安全且據實標示成分，我們就能自在的選擇店裡的商品。
We can choose bouncy hair or full hair. Shiny lipstick or matte. We can even choose to feel beautiful without using 20 products. But we’ll know that whatever we choose, the most important choice, the choice to be safe and healthy, has already been made.
我們可以選擇彈性柔順或豐厚飽滿的頭髮，亮澤口紅或霧面口紅，甚至不用這20種產品，我們還是可以選擇覺得自己很美。然而，我們知道無論自己選擇什麼，我們都已做了最重要的選擇，也就是安全和健康。