可能會用PVC材質製造的醫療用品
IV storage bags |
點滴袋 |
IV infusion sets |
點滴套組 |
IV infusion catheters |
點滴管 |
Blood storage bags |
血袋 |
Blood administration sets |
輸血套組 |
PVC exam gloves |
PVC手套 |
Chest tubes |
胸管 |
Hemodialysis tubing |
血液透析(洗腎)軟管 |
Extracorporeal membrane oxygeneation (ECMO)tubing |
葉克膜體外維生系統軟管 |
Ventilator tubing |
呼吸器軟管 |
Endotracheal tubes |
氣管內插管 |
Nasogastric tubes |
鼻胃管 |
Enteral and parenteral nutrition storage bags |
腸內與腸外營養液儲存袋 |
Urinary catheters |
導尿管 |
Suction catheters |
抽痰管 |
Nasal cannula tubing |
鼻管 |
Syringes |
皮下注射器 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)tubing |
體外心肺循環軟管 |
成人與新生兒在各種醫療程序下的DEHP最高暴露劑量估計值
醫療程序 |
DEHP暴露劑量(mg/kg bw/day) |
||
成人(70kg bw) |
新生兒(4kg bw) |
||
Infusion of crystalloid IV solutions |
打晶質靜脈輸液 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
IV infusion of drugs requiring pharmaceutical vehicles for solubilization |
靜脈輸液中的藥物需要載體予以溶解 |
|
|
When administered according to manufacture's instuctions |
根據製造商指示施打點滴 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
When stored mixed and stored at room temperature for 24 hr |
在室溫下混合儲存24小時 |
0.15 |
|
TPN administration |
全靜脈營養輸液 |
|
|
Without added lipid |
沒有添加脂質 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
With added lipid |
有添加脂質 |
0.13 |
2.5 |
Adminitered via EVA bag and PVC tubing |
以EVA袋及PVC軟管施打營養液 |
0.06 |
|
Blood transfusion |
輸血 |
|
|
Trauma patient |
創傷病患 |
8.5 |
|
Transfusion/ECMO in adult patient |
成人病患的體外心肺循環輸血 |
3 |
|
Exchange transfusion/neonate |
嬰兒換血 |
|
22.6 |
Replacement transfusion/neonate in NICU |
加護病房嬰兒的置換輸血 |
|
0.3 |
Replacement transfusion/correction of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy and in patients with sickle cell disease |
為接受化療而貧血或有鐮狀細胞貧血的病人進行置換輸血 |
0.09 |
|
Replacement transfusion/surgical patient undergoing CABG |
為進行冠狀動脈繞道手術的病人進行置換輸血 |
0.28 |
|
Treatment of clotting disorders with cryoprecipitate |
為凝血功能失常的病人施打冷凍沈澱品 |
0.03 |
|
Cardiopulmonary bypass |
體外心肺循環 |
|
|
CABG |
冠狀動脈繞道手術 |
1 |
|
Orthotopic heart transplant |
正位心臟移植 |
0.3 |
|
Artificial heart transplant |
人工心臟移植 |
2.4 |
|
ECMO |
葉克膜體外維生系統 |
|
14 |
Apheresis |
血漿析離術(洗血) |
0.03 |
|
Hemodialysis |
血液透析(洗腎) |
0.36 |
|
Peritoneal dialysis |
腹膜透析 |
<0.01 |
|
Enteral nutrition |
腸內營養 |
0.14 |
0.14 |
註:表格中紅色數字代表已接近或超過DEHP每日容許暴露劑量(歐盟為0.037 mg/kg bw/day;美國為0.02 mg/kg bw/day)。
資料來源:“Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Released from PVC Medical Devices”,美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)。