可能會用PVC材質製造的醫療用品


IV storage bags

點滴袋

IV infusion sets

點滴套組

IV infusion catheters

點滴管

Blood storage bags

血袋

Blood administration sets

輸血套組

PVC exam gloves

PVC手套

Chest tubes

胸管

Hemodialysis tubing

血液透析(洗腎)軟管

Extracorporeal membrane oxygeneation ECMOtubing

葉克膜體外維生系統軟管

Ventilator tubing

呼吸器軟管

Endotracheal tubes

氣管內插管

Nasogastric tubes

鼻胃管

Enteral and parenteral nutrition storage bags

腸內與腸外營養液儲存袋

Urinary catheters

導尿管

Suction catheters

抽痰管

Nasal cannula tubing

鼻管

Syringes

皮下注射器

Cardiopulmonary bypassCPBtubing

體外心肺循環軟管



成人與新生兒在各種醫療程序下的DEHP最高暴露劑量估計

醫療程序

DEHP暴露劑量(mg/kg bw/day

成人(70kg bw

新生兒(4kg bw

Infusion of crystalloid IV solutions

打晶質靜脈輸液

0.01

0.03

IV infusion of drugs requiring pharmaceutical vehicles for solubilization

靜脈輸液中的藥物需要載體予以溶解



When administered according to manufacture's instuctions

根據製造商指示施打點滴

0.04

0.03

When stored mixed and stored at room temperature for 24 hr

在室溫下混合儲存24小時

0.15


TPN administration

全靜脈營養輸液



Without added lipid

沒有添加脂質

0.03

0.03

With added lipid

有添加脂質

0.13

2.5

Adminitered via EVA bag and PVC tubing

EVA袋及PVC軟管施打營養液

0.06


Blood transfusion

輸血



Trauma patient

創傷病患

8.5


Transfusion/ECMO in adult patient

成人病患的體外心肺循環輸血

3


Exchange transfusion/neonate

嬰兒換血


22.6

Replacement transfusion/neonate in NICU

加護病房嬰兒的置換輸血


0.3

Replacement transfusion/correction of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy and in patients with sickle cell disease

為接受化療而貧血或有鐮狀細胞貧血的病人進行置換輸血

0.09


Replacement transfusion/surgical patient undergoing CABG

為進行冠狀動脈繞道手術的病人進行置換輸血

0.28


Treatment of clotting disorders with cryoprecipitate

為凝血功能失常的病人施打冷凍沈澱品

0.03


Cardiopulmonary bypass

體外心肺循環



CABG

冠狀動脈繞道手術

1


Orthotopic heart transplant

正位心臟移植

0.3


Artificial heart transplant

人工心臟移植

2.4


ECMO

葉克膜體外維生系統


14

Apheresis

血漿析離術(洗血)

0.03


Hemodialysis

血液透析(洗腎)

0.36


Peritoneal dialysis

腹膜透析

<0.01


Enteral nutrition

腸內營養

0.14

0.14

 註:表格中紅色數字代表已接近或超過DEHP每日容許暴露劑量(歐盟為0.037 mg/kg bw/day;美國為0.02 mg/kg bw/day)。

 資料來源:“Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Released from PVC Medical Devices”,美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)。


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